MISSION CRITICAL SOFTWARE

Besides sounding like a sales term taken directly from scripture of The Laughing Monkey Clan^[1],
I am asking you guys: what language (do you|should I) use to develop mission-critical software? (Stuff like autopilots or reactor control systems.)

JPL has their own coding standard which "primarily target[s] the development of mission critical flight software written in the C programming language"^[2], which makes for an interesting read.

I was thinking about Haskal, but since it's garbage collected and pausing for more than 150 ms would mean certain death for my project? It seems like a bad choice.

_{[1] http://thecodelesscode.com/names/Laughing+Monkey+Clan
[2] http://lars-lab.jpl.nasa.gov/JPL_Coding_Standard_C.pdf}

My off-the-cuff response would be this: ``If you are writing mission-critical software, you better be reviewing/testing/verifying/fuzzing/etc. the code to hell and back, so your choice of language shouldn't matter beyond what you are productive with.''

The JPL coding standard you mention is a great example of that. I'd trust more in JPL-adhering C than I would in bog-standard Haskell any day. Going simply by your performance requirements, I'd pick the most efficient language possible (probably C), then put effort into making the result trustworthy, and having readily-available standards and static analyzers would be a big step in that direction. From that perspective, the difference between X and Y is whether the strictness necessary is built into the language, whether it's a third-party tool, or whether you have to write it yourself.

That said, I'm not sure Haskell would be so terrible as it seems. For example, a project in one of my hobby fields, seL4 by NICTA, is a microkernel that was formally verified because it was written in a subset of Haskell, then translated to [a subset of] C. That subset of Haskell was a restriction comparable to JPL's restrictions on C, and I vaguely remember reading that they have no (or trivial) GC in the result. (See http://ssrg.nicta.com.au/projects/seL4/ for a boatload of papers)