Okay. After fixing most of the sampling bugs, I found it to work relatively well for larger sequences: 32 elements (compared to previous 4). I.e. it may be suitable for a game AI in a simple, Mario-like, game, where these numbers encode the terrain and objects around the AI agent. $ gcc markov.c && ./a.out Training... Sorting:007,001,128,077,236,101,119,213,204,224,230,098,078,129,159,193,088,040,153,159,176,253,253,095,039,204,222,201,016,001,221,224 Guess: 004,004,026,031,051,048,057,074,077,091,099,095,098,109,127,135,129,137,155,153,172,182,193,188,191,204,216,222,223,232,243,251 Answer: 001,001,007,016,039,040,077,078,088,095,098,101,119,128,129,153,159,159,176,193,201,204,204,213,221,222,224,224,230,236,253,253 $ gcc markov.c && ./a.out Training... Sorting:042,111,083,205,175,020,044,101,054,047,022,093,105,204,230,227,158,130,058,085,137,140,128,014,123,065,216,041,057,140,065,044 Guess: 004,014,025,029,043,037,051,062,057,066,078,089,100,106,120,124,136,130,135,147,157,164,169,171,188,194,215,207,216,226,233,239 Answer: 014,020,022,041,042,044,044,047,054,057,058,065,065,083,085,093,101,105,111,123,128,130,137,140,140,158,175,204,205,216,227,230 $ gcc markov.c && ./a.out Training... Sorting:142,018,003,230,202,076,249,252,127,212,017,059,135,092,204,109,068,098,147,246,196,171,235,131,107,003,007,169,099,028,193,120 Guess: 010,012,011,035,045,042,058,069,072,083,077,089,105,104,123,122,124,134,147,163,171,168,183,189,191,194,203,219,222,230,245,248 Answer: 003,003,007,017,018,028,059,068,076,092,098,099,107,109,120,127,131,135,142,147,169,171,193,196,202,204,212,230,235,246,249,252 $ gcc markov.c && ./a.out Training... Sorting:087,131,225,174,170,061,139,082,051,035,158,236,039,196,186,012,092,054,074,052,159,124,047,119,127,236,037,093,107,001,102,081 Guess: 006,017,025,032,042,043,053,063,061,072,087,098,091,109,120,112,119,131,137,150,160,165,176,185,188,208,201,209,217,224,235,240 Answer: 001,012,035,037,039,047,051,052,054,061,074,081,082,087,092,093,102,107,119,124,127,131,139,158,159,170,174,186,196,225,236,236 $ gcc markov.c && ./a.out Training... Sorting:004,140,241,102,125,174,175,182,098,177,170,077,053,227,244,255,234,052,110,186,063,022,166,214,223,002,235,072,048,125,183,149 Guess: 004,020,036,034,045,051,062,067,077,083,093,093,093,120,134,139,143,139,148,161,161,172,182,193,207,201,222,218,223,234,243,251 Answer: 002,004,022,048,052,053,063,072,077,098,102,110,125,125,140,149,166,170,174,175,177,182,183,186,214,223,227,234,235,241,244,255