lots of old bulletin boards used tree structures.
The most primitive tree structure you could use is simply hosting every thread in its own directory, with every "ordinary" response being a flat file in that directory, and every nested response being its own directory. Grabbing the data would be as simple as scanning the directories.
That was the method used on this old BBS from my childhood
https://web.archive.org/web/20120125044416/http://www.sonicteam.com/sonic2b/en/bbs/index.htmlIt was shut down (even in this 2012 archive, the newest posts are from 2008) because it was full of 8 year olds calling each other faggots.