Fourth-generation warfare is defined as conflicts which involve the following elements:
Complex and long term Terrorism (tactic) A non-national or transnational base – highly decentralized A direct attack on the enemy's culture, including genocidal acts against civilians. Highly sophisticated psychological warfare and propaganda, especially through media manipulation, internet trolls, bots and lawfare All available pressures are used – political, economic, social and military Occurs in low-intensity conflict, involving actors from all networks Non-combatants are tactical dilemmas Lack of hierarchy Small in size, spread out network of communication and financial support Use of insurgency tactics as subversion, terrorism and guerrilla tactics Decentralised forces